Food (arsenic) testing

Arsenic pollution in food mainly comes from arsenic containing pesticides, environmental arsenic pollution, arsenic containing raw materials, and other aquaculture inputs, and exists in different forms in food, including inorganic arsenic and organic arsenic, totaling total arsenic. Arsenic can enter the human body through drinking water and food through the digestive tract. Long term ingestion of inorganic arsenic can lead to skin damage, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, diabetes, and even skin cancer. Total arsenic is a key indicator for daily sampling and monitoring, and unqualified information involves food types such as seasonings, edible mushrooms, meat products, livestock and poultry meat, health food, and packaged drinking water. The current standard for determining total arsenic in China is GB 2762, and the detection method is GB 5009.11-2014. The standard detection method is divided into the first chapter on the determination of total arsenic and the second chapter on the determination of inorganic arsenic in food. This article focuses on the determination of total arsenic in the first article, and focuses on the interpretation of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cyanide atomic fluorescence spectrometry, as well as the applicability, operational precautions, and judgment points of the analytical detection method

The two methods are applicable to all foods. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: The sample is digested into a sample solution by acid and atomized into an ICP tube. After evaporation, dissociation, atomization, and ionization, it is converted into charged ions, which are then collected by an ion collection system and separated by mass to charge ratio. The intensity of the mass spectrum signal is proportional to the concentration of the element. The digestion methods involved in this method include microwave digestion and high-pressure sealed digestion. Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy: After the sample is digested, thiourea is added to reduce pentavalent arsenic to trivalent arsenic. Sodium or potassium borohydride is then added to generate hydrogen arsenide, which is decomposed into atomic arsenic in the atomizer. Under the excitation of light emitted by an arsenic hollow cathode lamp, proton fluorescence is generated, and the fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of arsenic. The digestion methods involved in this method are wet digestion and dry ashing. Precautions for operation: Sample preparation. Total arsenic is a pollutant in food. According to GB 2762, it is necessary to take edible parts, which is different from the preparation of other types of indicators. After the non edible parts of food raw materials are removed by mechanical means (such as grain milling, fruit peeling, nut shell removal, meat bone removal, fish bone removal, shell removal, etc.), the edible parts obtained are edible parts. The internal organs of aquatic animals, fruit pits of dates, blackberries, and other fruits, the soil outside ginger, and impurities mixed in grains and beans are all inedible parts that need to be removed. The second is the representativeness of the sample. Pollutant detection is trace analysis, and sample uniformity and representativeness play a crucial role in indicator detection. When sampling, methods such as quartering, diagonal, and dissection along the spine can be used to evenly divide and reduce the sample, ensuring that the sample is as uniform and representative as possible. Especially for samples mixed with multiple raw materials such as composite seasonings, attention should be paid to uniformity. The third is to pay attention to pre-treatment, element determination and other indicators are different. According to standards, fresh samples such as vegetables, fruits, fish, meat, and eggs need to be washed and dried, and edible parts should be taken. The fourth is to pay attention to pollution prevention. During the sampling and preparation process, special attention should be paid to not contaminating the sample. It is easy to overlook the pollution caused by the sample preparation equipment, which often occurs during equipment replacement or aging, and therefore requires regular verification

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