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Sweet wine koji is mainly used for making sweet wine brewing. During the process of making sweet wine brewing, sweet wine koji is the main fermentation preparation. Sweet wine yeast is a saccharifying bacteria and yeast preparation, which mainly contains microorganisms such as Rhizopus, Mucor, and a small amount of yeast. During the fermentation process, saccharifying bacteria first break down the starch in glutinous rice into glucose, protein into amino acids, and then a small amount of yeast converts glucose into alcohol through the glycolysis pathway. This creates a sweet, delicious, and nutritious sweet wine. The main active substance in sweet wine yeast is Rhizopus, and common Rhizopus include Rhizopus niger (commonly known as bread mold), Rhizopus oryzae, etc. The most suitable temperature for Rhizopus niger is between 30 ℃ and 35 ℃, and it cannot grow at 37 ℃ (it is also said that the optimal growth temperature for Rhizopus niger is about 28 ℃, and it will no longer grow above 32 ℃); The development temperature of Rhizopus oryzae ranges from 30 ℃ to 35 ℃, with the most suitable temperature being 37 ℃. It cannot grow at 41 ℃. The sweet wine koji is mainly rhizopus, and the observation process is as follows: 1. Take a piece of Mantou or bread, one or two centimeters thick, expose it to the air for one or two hours, then put it into a small plastic bag, spray it with a spray bottle, and tighten the mouth of the bag. Put it in a dark place. If the temperature is above 20 ℃, two or three days later, the surface of Mantou or even the plastic bag wall with Mantou crumbs will have loose white fluff, and little black ash scattered on the white fluff, like the size of coal ash, which is the colony of rhizopus. 2. Observe the hyphae and rhizoids. Use the dissecting needle to pick out some rhizopus with black spots from Mantou, and try not to take or take less Mantou crumbs. Place it in water droplets on a glass slide, carefully spread it out, but do not pull open the attached hyphae. Cover with a glass slide, and under the microscope, it can be seen that the mycelium of Rhizopus does not have a septum. The mycelium spreads to all directions. The place where it contacts with Mantou or substrate grows in a root like protuberance, but does not have a complex structure like the root of a seed plant, so it is called rhizoid. The hyphae that connect two artificial roots are called creeping hyphae. 3. Observe the spore sacs and find clusters of upright hyphae from the false root, with spore sacs growing at their tips. The hyphae of long sporangia are called sporangium stalks. Moving the slide, searching for several sporangia at different developmental stages, and then comparing them can reveal their maturation process. Originally, the top of the spore sac of Rhizopus expanded into a spherical shape, and the spores gathered at the swollen tip of the spore sac handle. The outer layer was covered with a thin film. After the spore sac matured, the film cracked and spores dispersed. You can see complete dispersal of spores in the rhizopus colony, leaving only the swollen spore vesicle at the top. Note: Do not add too much water when cultivating rhizopus, otherwise Mantou or bread will be wet and rotten, and bacteria will multiply in large quantities
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