Arsenic (As) detection

Arsenic, commonly known as arsenic, with the element symbol As, is a non-metallic element located in the fourth cycle and VA group of the chemical periodic table. It has an atomic number of 33 and exists in the form of three allotropes: gray arsenic, black arsenic, and yellow arsenic. Arsenic is widely present in nature, and hundreds of arsenic minerals have been discovered. Arsenic and its compounds are used in pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, and many alloys. The compound arsenic trioxide, also known as arsenic, is a highly toxic substance. On October 27, 2017, the International Agency for Cancer Research of the World Health Organization released a preliminary list of carcinogens for reference, with arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds included in the first class carcinogen list. On July 23, 2019, arsenic and arsenic compounds were included in the list of toxic and harmful water pollutants (first batch). Symbol As, atomic number 33. Formerly known as' arsenic '. There are three allotropes, gray, yellow, and black brown, with metallic properties. Atomic weight 74.92, specific gravity 5.73 (14 ℃), melting point 814 ℃, sublimation at 615 ℃. Insoluble in water, soluble in nitric acid and aqua regia. Easy to oxidize in humid air. It mainly exists in the form of sulfide minerals (such as realgar As4S4, orpiment As2S3, etc.) in nature. Arsenic and its compounds are mainly used in industries such as alloy smelting, pesticide pharmaceuticals, pigments, and often exist as impurities in raw materials, waste residue, semi-finished products, and finished products. In the above-mentioned production or use of arsenic compounds, there is often a possibility of acute or chronic arsenic poisoning when inhaling arsenic containing air or ingesting arsenic contaminated food and beverages due to improper protection. Arsenic compounds can be absorbed through the respiratory tract, skin, and digestive tract. Distributed in the liver, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal walls, and spleen. Mainly excreted through urine and feces. It can damage the fetus through the placental barrier. The element arsenic is basically non-toxic. But its oxides and arsenates are highly toxic, with trivalent arsenic being more toxic than pentavalent arsenic. The oral LD50 of mice with arsenic trioxide is 42.9mg/kg, while that of rabbits is 20mg/kg. Acute poisoning can occur when cats inhale 0.04mg/L arsenic trioxide for more than 15 minutes. Arsenic can bind to enzymes containing thiol groups in cells, inhibiting cellular oxidation processes; It can also paralyze the blood vessel movement center, causing capillary paralysis, dilation, and increased permeability. Acute arsenide poisoning is commonly seen in cases where arsenide contaminates food or water, causes accidental ingestion or suicide. The clinical manifestation is more common in "acute gastroenteritis type". Severe cases can lead to shock, liver damage, and even death from toxic myocardial damage. Workers engaged in arsenic ore smelting and arsenic trioxide production, as well as those who have been contaminated with arsenic in the atmosphere and drinking water for a long time, or who have been taking arsenic agents for a long time, can experience chronic arsenic poisoning. The prominent manifestations are skin pigmentation, excessive keratinization, or verrucous hyperplasia, as well as white blood cell reduction or anemia. It is widely recognized that long-term exposure to arsenic compounds can cause skin cancer and lung cancer. Acute oral poisoning should be treated with early gastric lavage. 30g of activated carbon, 20-40g of magnesium oxide, or egg white water (4 egg whites mixed with 1 cup of water) can help remove residual arsenic compounds from the stomach. Sodium dimercaptopropylsulfonate and sodium dimercaptosuccinate have good detoxification effects. Chronic poisoning patients should stop exposure to arsenic and actively seek arsenic treatment. The maximum allowable concentration of arsenic compounds (arsenic trioxide and arsenic pentoxide) in the air of the workshop is 0.03mg/m3, the maximum arsenic content in surface water shall not exceed 0.04mg/L, and the daily average maximum allowable concentration in the atmosphere is 0.003mg/m3

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